Art and Craft
In 1860 a minority had become deeply disturbed by the level to which style, craftsmanship, and public taste had sunk in the wake of the Industrial Revolution and its mass-produced and banal decorative arts. Among them, the English reformer, poet and designer William Morris, who, in 1861, founded a firm of interior decorators and builders-Morris, Marshall, Faulkner, and the company (after 1875, Morris and Company) - dedicated to recapture the spirit and the quality of medieval crafts. Morris and his colleagues (including architect Philip Webb and painters Ford Madox Brown and Edward Burne-Jones) produced handcrafted metals, jewelry, wallpaper, textiles, furniture and books. The "cabinet" was managed as a collaboration of artists, painters with providing the drawings for skilled craftsmen to produce. At that time, many of their models are copied by designers and furniture manufacturers.
In the 1880 Morris efforts have widened the appeal by the Movement of arts and crafts to a new generation. In 1882, English architect and designer Arthur H. Mackmurdo contributed to the organization of the Guild of Craftsmen century, one of several such groups created over this period. These men revive the art of hand printing and argued that there was no real difference between the fine and decorative arts. Many converted, both by professional artists and ranks among the intellectual class as a whole, helped to propagate the ideas of the movement.
The main controversy surrounding this movement is its practice in the modern world. The progressives asserted that the movement was trying to go back and it could not be done, that the Movement of Arts and Crafts could not be taken as a practice of mass urban and industrial society. On the other hand, an auditor who criticized an exhibition of 1893 as "the work of a few to a few" also realized that it was a protest against graphic design as "a case of merchants, controlled by the sellers and the advertiser, and the thanks of every passing fad. "
In the 1890 approval of the Arts and Crafts Movement widened, and the movement has become diffuse and less specifically identified with a small group of people. His ideas spread in other countries and has become identified with the growing international interest in design, and more specifically with Art Nouveau.